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Other early Jewish settlers, many of them immigrants from Lithuania , were not as educated as De Vries and often did not speak Dutch , Afrikaans, or English. Many of them spoke only Yiddish and made a living as shopkeepers in the local retail industry. The first congregation was founded between and , and in the first synagogue opened on Paul Kruger Street.
A second synagogue, known as the Great Synagogue, opened in Both synagogues are no longer in operation, but a Reformed synagogue, Temple Menorah, opened in the early s. The Jewish community of Pretoria's golden age was in the early 20th century, when many Jewish sports clubs, charities, and youth groups flourished. After , many Jews left for Cape Town or Johannesburg.
The synagogue on Paul Kruger Street was purchased by the government in to become the new home of the High Court where prominent opposition figures in the Anti-Apartheid Movement were tried, including Nelson Mandela , Walter Sisulu , and 26 others were prosecuted for treason from 1 August to 29 March ; the Rivonia Trial was held there in — Only the second, currently also operating as a synagogue, remains.
Pretoria's Reformed congregation shares a rabbi with the Johannesburg one, though the synagogue no longer operates and services take place in worshippers' private homes. Pienaar is the only Afrikaner ordained in the highly selective Tibetan Tantric Buddhist community in Bylakuppe , in southern India. Pienaar, who studied Buddhist teachers for twenty years, spent two years in India.
The city is a major commercial centre and an important industrial centre. Its main industries are iron and steel works, copper casting, and the manufacture of automobiles, railway carriages and heavy machinery. Pretoria has a number of industrial areas, business districts and small home businesses. A number of chambers of commerce exist for Pretoria and its business community including Pretoriaweb, a business networking group that meets once a month to discuss the issues of doing business in Pretoria.
The members of Pretoriaweb also discuss issues in various social media environments and on the website. The Pretoria civic arms, designed by Dr. Frans Engelenburg, [47] were granted by the College of Arms on 7 February The arms were: Gules, on an mimosa tree eradicated proper within an orle of eight bees volant, Or, an inescutcheon Or and thereon a Roman praetor seated proper. The tree represented growth, the bees industry, and the praetor judge was an heraldic pun on the name. The crest was a three-towered golden castle; the supporters were an eland and a kudu; and the motto Praestantia praevaleat Pretoria.
The coat of arms have gone out of favour after the City Council amalgamated with its surrounding councils to form the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Pretoria is one of South Africa's leading academic cities and is home to both the largest residential university in South Africa, largest distance education university in South Africa and a research intensive university. The University of South Africa commonly referred to as Unisa , founded in as the University of the Cape of Good Hope , is the largest university on the African continent and attracts a third of all higher education students in South Africa.
It spent most of its early history as an examining agency for Oxford and Cambridge universities and as an incubator from which most other universities in South Africa are descended. In it was given a new role as a distance education university and in it had a student headcount of over , students, including African and international students in countries worldwide, making it one of the world's mega universities.
Unisa is a dedicated open distance education institution and offers both vocational and academic programmes. Established in , the University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science is the second oldest veterinary school in Africa and the only veterinary school in South Africa. The Tshwane University of Technology commonly referred to as TUT is a higher education institution, offering vocational oriented diplomas and degrees, and came into being through a merger of Technikon Northern Gauteng, Technikon North-West and Technikon Pretoria.
TUT caters for approximately 60, students and it has become the largest residential higher education institution in South Africa. It was established by an act of parliament in and is situated on its own campus in the city. It has a staff of approximately 3, technical and scientific researchers, often working in multi-disciplinary teams. In , Dr. Pretoria has earned a reputation as being the centre of South Africa's Military and is home to several military facilities of the South African National Defence Force :.
This complex is the headquarters to the South African Air Force. A military complex located on the corner of Patriot Street and Koraalboom Road [58] that houses the following military headquarters:. It is the headquarters of several army units-. While technically not within the city limits of Pretoria, Air Force Base Swartkop and Air Force Base Waterkloof are often used for defence related matters within the city. These may include aerial military transport duties within the city, aerospace monitoring and defence as well as VIP transport to and from the city.
The matter is under consideration while he has requested further research on the matter. Should the Minister approve the name change, the name will be published in the Government Gazette, giving the public opportunity to comment on the matter. The Minister can then refer that public response back to the SAGNC, before presenting his recommendation before parliament, who will vote on the change.
Various public interest groups have warned that the name change will be challenged in court, should the minister approve the renaming. The long process involved made it unlikely the name would change anytime soon, if ever, even assuming the Minister had approved the change in early This has led to further controversy, however, as the name of the city had not yet been changed officially, and the council was, at best, acting prematurely.
Following a complaint lodged with the Advertising Standards Authority ASA , it was ruled that such advertisements are deliberately misleading and should be withdrawn from all media. As a result, the ASA requested that Tshwane Metro pay for advertisements in which it admits that it has misled the public. Refusing to abide by the ASA's request, the Metro Council was banned consequently from placing any advertisements in the South African media that refer to Tshwane as the capital. ASA may still place additional sanctions on the Metro Council that would prevent it from placing any advertisements in the South African media, including council notices and employment vacancies.
After the ruling, the Metro Council continued to place Tshwane advertisements, but placed them on council-owned advertising boards and busstops throughout the municipal area.
In August , an internal memo was leaked to the media in which the Tshwane mayor sought advice from the premier of Gauteng on whether the municipality could be called the "City of Tshwane" instead of just "Tshwane". In early it was again rumoured that the South African government would make a decision regarding the name, however, a media briefing regarding name changes, where it may have been discussed, was cancelled shortly before taking place.
In March , the "Tshwane Royal House Committee", claiming to be descendants of Chief Tshwane, called for the name to be changed, and for the descendants of Chief Tshwane to be recognised, and to be made part of the administration of the municipality.
According to comments made by Mayor Kgosientso Ramokgopa in late , the change would occur in As of [update] , the proposed name change has not occurred. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Administrative capital of South Africa. For other uses, see Pretoria disambiguation. Place in Gauteng, South Africa. See also: Timeline of Pretoria. Main article: Boer Wars. Main article: Union of South Africa. Climate data for Pretoria — Northern Sotho.
None dominant. See also: Pretoria Forts. Old Council Chambers, or Ou Raadsaal.
Fort Klapperkop. Neomodern architecture in Pretoria. This section relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Main article: List of Pretoria suburbs.
I am very spiritual person, very naughty with sexy smile. Pretoria has a small Jewish community of around 3, Pienaar is the only Afrikaner ordained in the highly selective Tibetan Tantric Buddhist community in Bylakuppe , in southern India. Archived from the original PDF on 19 February Dating Chat Blog. Kinky surprises Boys!!! Everybody has special dating wants.
Main article: Media in Pretoria. Main article: Pretoria Sotho. Further information: Afrikaner-Jews and Lithuanian Jews. This section needs additional citations for verification.